Worksheet 13: Evolution

Worksheet 13: Evolution

A.) Web site name: The Victorian Web, National University of Singapore
    Web URL: http://www.victorianweb.org/science/darwin/darwin5.html

1.) When did Darwin voyage on the ship the “Beagle”?
    Darwin voyaged on the ship the “Beagle” from 1831-1836.

2.) Fossils in South America are most similar to:
    The fossils in South America are most similar to the extant plants and animals in South America.

3.) In what way is there “tacit acknowledgement of relatedness” in Linnaeus’s system  of classification?
    Species belonging to one genus have more in common with each other than they do with species belonging to another genus.

4.) What is “catastrophism”?
    Catastrophism is the idea that Earth has been affected in the past by sudden, short-lived, violent events, possibly worldwide in scope.

5.) How did Hutton’s ideas differ from catastrophism?
    Geological processes are slow and subtle but that over prolonged periods of time (millions of years) these can lead to major changes in this view point is an age for the Earth radically different from the 6,000 years of the biblical creationists.

6.) How old is the earth according to Biblical creationists?
    The Earth is 6,000 years according to Biblical creationists.

7.) What phrase did Darwin use instead of “evolution”?
    Darwin used descent with modification instead of the word evolution.

8.) When was the role of DNA in heredity first demonstrated?
    The role of DNA in heredity was first demonstrated in 1892.

9.) What are two pieces of information that indicate that humans are more closely related to chimps than to New World (American) monkeys?
    Two pieces of information that indicate that humans are more closely related to chimps is skeletal and gene structure.

B.)    Web site name: The Talk. Origins archive.
    Web URL: http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-intro-to-biology.html

10.) What is one common mistake in people’s idea of evolution?
    One common mistake in people’s idea of evolution is believing that species can be arranged on an evolutionary ladder from bacteria through “lower” animals, to “higher” animals and finally up to man.

11.) What is evolution?
    Evolution is a change in the gene pool of a population over time.

12.) Why did dark colored moths (Biston betularia) survive better in the 1890s?
    The dark colored moths survived better in the 1890s because of a change in the gene pool.

13.) What is “macroevolution”?
     Macroevolution is larger changes, such as when a new species is formed.

14.) Why do populations not necessarily become “better” over time?
    A trait or strategy that is successful at one time may be unsuccessful at another.

15.) Which type of organisms shows the most genetic variation: plants, insects, birds or amphibians?
    Insects is the type of organism that shows the most genetic variation.

16.) What is meant by “natural selection”?
    Physical proximity of the genes

17.) How do vampire bats “share” their blood meal?
    Regurgitating some blood into the others mouth.

C.)     Web site name: University of California, Berkeley
    Web site address: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/evotmline.html

18.) Thomas Malthus:
    Political economist who was concerned about what he was, the decline of living conditions in nineteenth century England.

19.)Thomas Huxley:
    Thomas Huxley founded a remarkable dynasty of English scientists and thinkers.

20.) Alfred Wegener:
    Found that large-scale geological features on separated continents often matched very closely when the continents were brought together.

21.)Louis Agassiz:
    Works on living and fossil fish and on glaciers have remained classics.

D.)    Web site name: Galapagos Islands Guided Tour
    Web site URL: http://www.discovergalapagos.com/archipel.html

22.) How many islands are in the Galapagos archipelago?
    There are 50 islands in the Galapagos archipelago.

23.) When was Galapagos National Park established?
    The Galapagos National Park was established in 1959.

24.) What caused the extermination of most of the fauna in Baltra?
    The U.S. Army used the Baltra air port as a base during WWII.

25.) How long is the delay between mating and egg-laying in Green turtles?
    The delay between mating and egg-laying for Green turtles is 2-3 years.

26.) What does endemic mean?
    Endemic means found only in.

27.) What is “pahoehoe”?
    A Hawaiian term; ropey lava.

28.) Are white-lipped sharks dangerous?
    White-lipped sharks are only dangerous if you bother them.

29.) Which is the most northerly penguin in the world?
    The Galapagos Penguin is the most northerly penguin.

30.) What are twigs of the Palo Santo trees used for?
    The twigs of the Palo Santo trees are used for incense in some religious ceremonies in Ecuador.

31.) What is the red sack on the front of the Great Frigate called?
    The red sack on the front of the Great Frigate is called the guler sack.

E.)     Web site name: Florida museum of Natural History.
    Web URL: http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/natsci/vertpaleo/fhc/firstCM.htm
   
32.) Which type of rock usually contains fossils?
    Sedimentary rocks are the type of rocks that usually contains fossils.

33.) What type of rock is marble?
    The metamorphic rock is marble.

34.) Are the oldest rocks and fossils typically below, or above, more recent rocks?
    The oldest rocks and fossils are typically below more recent rocks.

35.) Give four examples of ungulates:
    Four examples of ungulates would be goats/sheep, horses, pigs, and rhinos.

36.) What are “artiodactyles”?
    Artiodactyles are hoofed animals with an even number of toes.

37.) What two animals are the closest living relatives of the tapir?
    The two animals that are the closest living relatives of the tapir is the modern horse and rhinos.

38.) When did rhinos become extinct in North America?
    Rhinos became extinct in North America 5 million years ago.

39.) Where do tapirs live today?
    Tapirs live in Malaysia and parts of Central and South America today.

40.) What is one advantage of horse’s leg bones becoming longer?
    An advantage of horse’s leg bones becoming longer is that they can run faster to avoid predators.

41.) Which skull did you click on?
    I clicked on the skull Neohippariun

42.)Summarize the information about this horse:
    The neohippariun was found in North America, Europe, and Aisa. They were three-toed horses. The horse was the most common large mammal in many 10-million-year-old-fossil sites. The neohippariun was hung in Florida until 2 million years ago.

Click on a different skull:
43.) Which skull did you click on?
    I clicked on the Hippidion skull.

44.) Summarize the information about this horse:
    The hippidion horse lived in South America during the Ice Age between 2 million and 10,000 years ago. Scientists believe it had a flexable snout.